Teen hierdie tyd ken ons almal die term "komorbiditeite" baie goed. Komorbiditeite kom egter nie net saam met een of ander siekte nie. Daar is gevalle waar daar 'n kind met ADHD, komorbiditeite het. Maklik gesê: daar is een of meer bykomende toestande/afwykings saam met die primêre toestand. As ons kyk na ADHD as die primêre toestand is daar 3 hoof LEERHINDERNISSE (komorbiditeite):
Disleksie
Diskalkulie
Disgrafie
Volgens die ADHD Foundation het 1 uit elke 2 kinders met ADHD een of meer van hierdie leerhindernisse. So, die kans is eintlik groot dat die ADHD leerder in jou klas een van daardie het.
Daardie 3 woorde is nogals groot woorde as jy nie weet wat dit is nie, so kom ons kyk!
Disleksie
Disleksie is nie 'n probleem met jou sig soos wat party mense dink nie. Dit het eintlik alles te doen met taal. Dit is nou daardie leerders in jou klas wat sukkel om te lees, hulle woorde omdraai en deurmekaar lees en hulle letters verkeerd lees (b en d alleenlik, tel nie). Die grootmens woord is: sukkel met dekodering (letters en klanke bymekaar sit) en fonemiese bewustheid (herken die klanke in woorde). Hierdie leerders sukkel gewoonlik geweldig baie om met begrip te lees. Hulle kan een van die skerpstes in jou klas wees, maar die woorde wat hulle lees is ongelooflik deurmekaar in hulle kop. Wanneer jy dan vir hulle lees Juffrou, kan hulle dan wel al te goed verstaan wat in die teks staan.
Dit klink bekend né? Jy kan meer lees deur hier te kliek.
Diskalkulie
Voel jou kop nie ook super deurmekaar as jy na die prentjie van die tornado kyk nie? Ek verbeel my dis hoe 'n leerder wat sukkel met diskalkulie se kop lyk as hulle eers nommers en somme sien. Eenvoudige somme soos meer as en minder as kan vir die leerder voel soos 'n matriek eindjaar eksamenvraestel. Maaltafels gee hierdie leerders sommer 'n hol kol op hulle maag. Iets wat vir jou as onderwyser baie voor die hand liggend lyk, sukkel die leerder met diskalkulie baie. Byvoorbeeld 6 is dieselfde as ses en ook dieselfde as om 6 dinge voor jou te tel.
Nog dinge om voor uit te kyk is: sukkel om tyd te lees, afstand te skat en om die logiese dinge agter wiskunde te verstaan. Weereens, as jy meer wil leer - kliek hier.
Disgrafie
Hier gaan dit nie net oor 'n leerder wat lelik skryf nie, want kom ons wees eerlik: daar is 'n paar wat net skryf om klaar te kry. Disgrafie is 'n regte egte bykomende probleem. Probleme met die fyn-motoriese vaardighede as dit by skryf kom is ook 'n goeie aanduiding van disgrafie.
Kyk bietjie wat die simptome van disgrafie is:
sukkel om letters te vorm
hou die potlood pynlik styf vas
skryf sommer bo-oor en dwarsdeur lyne
sinkonstruksie sukkel so bietjie wanneer daar geskryf word, maar is 100% korrek wanneer daar gepraat word
Dis baie anders as net 'n "slordige handskrif". ADDitude som dit mooi op.
Ok, wat nou?
Noudat jy hierdie klaar gelees het, doen jouself 'n guns en gaan lees op die skakels wat hier by is. My volgende blog gaan wees oor hoe jy nou hierdie leerders kan help. Vir die wat NOG meer wil leer noudat die saadjie geplant is, doen jouself 'n guns en gaan loop 'n kursus. Gaan maak jou platform breёr!
ADHD Comorbidities (neurological-developmental disorders)
By now we all know the term "comorbidities" very well. However, comorbidities do not just come with some disease. There are cases where a child with ADHD has comorbidities. Simply put: there are one or more additional conditions / disorders along with the primary condition. If we look at ADHD as the primary condition, there are 3 main LEARNING OBSTACLES (comorbidities):
Dyslexia
Discalculculia
Disgraphia
According to the ADHD Foundation, 1 in 2 children with ADHD has one or more of these barriers to learning. So, the chances are actually high that the ADHD learner in your class has one of those.
Those 3 words are pretty big words if you do not know what they are, so let's take a look!
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is not a problem with your vision as some people think. It actually has everything to do with language. Now these are those learners in your class who are struggling to read, switching their words and reading their letters incorrectly (only switching b and d, does not count). The adult word is: struggling with decoding (putting letters and sounds together) and phonemic awareness (recognizing the sounds in words). These learners usually struggle a lot to read with comprehension. They may be one of the sharpest kids in your class, but the words they read are incredibly confusing in their head. When you read to them Teacher, they can understand all too well what the text mean.
That sounds familiar right? You can read more by clicking here.
Dyscalculia
Doesn't your head also feel super confused when you look at the picture of the tornado? I imagine this is what a learner who struggles with dyscalculia head's looks like when they first see numbers and eqautions. Simple eqautions such as more than and less than can feel like a matric end-of-year exam paper to the learner. Multiplying tables give these learners a hollow spot on their stomach. Something that may seem very obvious to you as a teacher, the learner with dyscalculia struggles with a lot. For example 6 is the same as six and also the same as counting 6 things in front of you.
Other things to look out for are: struggling to read time, estimate distance and to understand the logical things behind math. Again, if you want to learn more - click here.
Dysgraphia
This is not just about a learner writing unneat, because let's be honest: there are some who just write to get it over and done with. Dysgraphia is a real additional problem. Problems with fine motor skills when it comes to writing are also a good indication of dysgraphia.
Take a look at the symptoms of dysgraphia:
struggling to form letters
hold the pencil painfully tight
just write over and across lines
putting sentences together is difficult when writing, but is 100% correct when speaking
It's very different from just a "sloppy handwriting". ADDitude sums it up nicely.
Ok, so what now?
Now that you've finished reading this, do yourself a favor and go read the links attached here. My next blog is going to be about how you can help these learners. For those who want to learn even MORE now that the seed has been planted, do yourself a favor and apply for a course. Go make your platform wider!
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